Composite sheet piling



C. S BOARDMAN.

COMPOSITE SHEET FILING.

APPLICATION FILED FEB, 9. 191B.

Patented Feb. 28, 1922.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Czar-Z65 Mama/ mi C. 8. BOARDMAN.

COMPOSITE SHEET FILING.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 9, 1918. 1,408,069, Patented Feb. 28, 1922.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2- $44M wzwm UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES S. BOARDMAN, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO LACKAWANNA. STEEL COMPANY, OF LAOKAWANNA, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

COMPOSITE SHEET FILING.

Application filed February 9, 1918.

sistance to stresses inproportion to the amount of material used, and is particularly adapted for foundation walls, piers, cofi'erdams, retaining walls and other structures. Animportant and characteristic feature of my invention is the unsymmetrical arrangement of the steel section in the concrete that is adjacent one side and at a substantial distance from the neutral axis of the composite pile. By this arrangement, the greatest value of the steel is obtained and the steel section adds greatly to the strength and stiffness of the composite pile or piling element and of the wall.

Concrete has great value in compression and little value in tension, therefore in concrete beams, slabs, piles, etc., reinforcing steel rods or other tension elements must be introduced on the tensile side. By my peculiar arrangement, the steel section arranged in the composite pile near one slde takes the place of the usual reinforcing, and also may be arranged with its interlocking edge members exposed beyond the concrete in position to engage with similar members on the adjacent sections. I am aware that it has been proposed to introduce steel elements into concrete sections as interlocks, but arranged at the neutral axis or at the central longitudinal axis of the reenforced concrete pile, whereby the weight and Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 28, 1922.

Serial No. 216,331.

vention, Figs. 2 and 3 are plan views of the preceding but showing difierent forms of steel sections. Fig. 4 shows a plurality of such composite elements assembled in a wall, and should be particularly considered in connection with Fig. 13, which is a vertical section of a ty'picalinstallation, to illustrate the use of the composite sections and is intended in an illustrative and not in a limitmg sense. Figs. 5 and 6 are respectively plan and vertical sectional views showing a modification in arrangement of parts for an element in' which great strength is desired. Figs. 7 and 8 are sectional views showing another modification. Fig. 9 is a plan View showing a different form of section and of interlock. Fig-10 shows another modification. Fig. 11 is a plan view showing how my invention may be applied to elements of different depths. Fig. 12 is another modification in which the steel elements are used adjacent both edges. Fig. 13 is a vertical sectional view of a typical installation embodying my invention.

Referring particularly to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, 1 indicates the composite element in which is embodied adjacent one edge, and as far as practical from the neutral axis, the steel sheet piling section 2. 3 are reinforcing rods arranged adjacent the other edge and 4 are wires or small rods bent-to form-a sort of lattice whereby all parts of the section are bound together. The interlocking members 5 of the steel piling element project beyond the concrete for engaging with similar elements on an adjacent section, and preferably extend into pockets 6, in the concrete, which may be filled with concrete, grout or cement, when the sections are assembled, to consolidate the whole wall.

From these figures, will be understood the common method of reinforcing concrete sheet piling elements, that is with two sets of reinforcing rods, one set adjacent each side. For one of these sets, I substitute a single integral, steel section, whereby I do not increase the amount of the steel used, but maintain the strength and stiffness of the pile and also provide steel interlocks on the pile edges.

In Figs. 4 and 13 are shown my peculiar sections assembled in the wall of a bulkhead for dock construction. The lower end of the steel section projects beyond the concrete and the latter is bevelled to permit easy driving. 10 is the water side and 11 the land side on which the sections are tied back by rods 12, or other means, to masonry or timber walls or some natural anchor. The tops of the sections may be bound together and reinforced for the attachment of the tie rods by means of channels 13 or other shapes, bolted together by bolts 14 and bolted to the individual steel piling elements by bolts 15, the tie-rods extending between as shown. 16 and 17 are respectively woo-den piles and braces for anchors. Other anchors may be used, natural or artificlal, depending upon the location of the articular installation. At 18 there is indicated a horizontal timber forming a part of the anchorage shown. At 19 there areshown supplemental wooden piles for sustaining a concrete relieving platform as illustrated which as will be understood is adapted to sustain the earth-fill and loadings on the dock. The piling wall and dock base may be finished by a suitable coping 20 of concrete as shown.

In Figs. 5 to 10 inclusive various modifications in form of my section are shown. In Figs. 5 and 6 the reinforcing rods on the ,side of the section opposite to the steel sections are in the form of two angles 21 bolted together and connected at intervals to angles 22 bolted to said section by suitable connections 23. The said connections are preferably arranged inclined, or extending zig-zag as shown between the respective pairs of angles, whereby the parts are all bound together and firmly braced, and a unitary element of unusual strength is produced.

In Figs. 7 and 8 the rods 3 are shown clamped together at intervals by perforated plates 25, and two sets (more or less) of lattice wires 26 at each level extend from said rods through perforations in the steel sections.

Fig. 9 illustrates in cross section another form of steel section and interlock that may be used. here the said steel piling sections are in the form of I beams 30, and the interlocks 31 are separate, peculiarly shaped pieces, formed to engage with the I beam flanges. These interlocking pieces may be fitted to said flanges, and then embedded in the concrete as one piece.

' In Fig. 10 I have shown how my invention may be utilized to make a very wide section by dividing the steel element longitudinally and connecting the two halves by a connection or connections 33.

In Fig. 11 are shown three piling elements assembled, the middle one 3 1 being shallow and the side elements 35 being very deep. In these side elements the steel in the steel sections provides the total necessary amount of steel and this is arranged on the tension side. And'when piles are designed of this or similar depth the concrete will be of sulficient area on compression side of the composite beam so that no reenforcing steel is needed, though the reinforcement may be inserted on-that side if desired as indicated in one of said side sections. Steel has more value in compression than concrete, but that value may be compensated for by using additional concrete as shown in this figure;

In Fig. 12 I have introduced a steel piling section adjacent each edge, each section arranged as far as possible from the neutral axis, and both provided with interlocks. These elements are bonded together and may be integral as shown on the left, or divided in half and connected by cross-bars at intervals as shown on the right. In designs of this character the strength of the composite piling may be increased by introducing longitudinal reinforcing rods on the tension sides, and these reinforcements may also be added on the compressionside, as shown on the right of Fig. 12.

It will be understood that any suitable form of steel sheet piling may be utilized to producemy composite section. In all the figures of the drawing, but two, I have shown the well known Lackawanna type. In Figs. 3 and 9 I have shown other types that may be used, even though their interlock is not so strong as that of the Lackawanna.

Having described my invention I claim,

1. A separable interlocking composite sheet piling section composed of longitudinally reinforced concrete of substantial beam depth and of a steel sheet piling element having interlocking edges arranged entirely on one side of the neutral axis thereof with the said interlocking edges exposed at the marginal sides of the said composite pile to provide the interlocking means therefor, substantially as described.

2. A separable interlocking concrete pilmg element comprisin a pile section of concrete of substantial Feam depth adapted to act as a beam in opposing the pressures and an interlocking steel sheet piling element embodied therein with the interlocks thereof exposed at the marginal sides to permit of interlocking engagement with interlock of adjacent sections and said steel piling element being arranged entirely to one side of the neutral axis of the completed pile thereby to reinforce the concrete section at the tension side thereof.

3. A separable interlocking concrete pilmg element comprising a pile section of concrete adapted to act as a beam in opposing the pressures and! an interlocking steel sheet piling element embodied therein with the interlocks thereof exposed at the marginal sides to permit of interlocking engagement with interlocks of adjacent'sections and said steel piling element being.

arranged substantially to one side of theneutral axis of the completed pile thereby to reinforce the concrete section at the tension side thereof and metallic reinforcing means arranged adjacent the opposite edge of the element and extending longitudinally thereof, substantially as described.

4. A composite sheet piling section composed of concrete and a sheet piling element therein embedded and provided with interlocking members on its edges, said element being arranged entirely to one side of the central longitudinal axis of the section with its interlocking elements protruding therefrom to engage with interlocks of an adjacent section, metallic reinforcing rods vertically arranged adjacent to the edge of the section opposite to the piling element and metallic bonding means for reinforcing the concrete and arranged to extend laterally through the section and to connect the piling element and the vertical reinforcing rods, substantially as described.

A composite sheet piling section composed of concrete and a sheet piling element embedded therein, said piling element having interlocking members arranged to have interlocking engagement with the piling of an adjacent section and said element being arranged entirely to one side of the central longitudinal axis of the section, metallic reinforcing means arranged vertically and adjacent the opposite edge of the section and means arranged to connect said piling and said opposite reinforcing means, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

CHARLES S. BOARDMAN. 

